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Baron Joseph Marie François Cachin was a French engineer, most notable for his work at Cherbourg Harbour. He was born in Castres on October 2, 1757 and died in Paris on February 23, 1825.〔Combes, Anacharsis. ''Étude historique sur Cachin''. Bonnal et Gibrac, 1858.〕 == Biography == Joseph Cachin, son of Pierre Cachin, was a butler at the episcopal palace of Chastres. Under the protection of the Bishop of Castres, Jean-Sébastien de Barral, he went to school at ''les frères de Chastres'' and later at ''le collège de Sorèze''.〔(''Les bustes de la Salle des Illustres ), Association sorézienne''.〕 He went on to study architecture at ''l’école des beaux-arts de Toulouse'' and, in 1776, joined ''l’école des ponts et chaussées'' in Paris, under the supervision of Jean-Rodolphe Perronet. Upon graduation, he spent some time travelling in England and the United States.〔Combes, Anacharsis. ''Étude historique sur Cachin''. Bonnal et Gibrac, 1858.〕 Shortly afterwards, Joseph Cachin became an engineer for the maritime works in the généralité of Rouen, where he was put in charge of improving the Port of Honfleur.〔Bajot, M. ''Annales maritimes et coloniales''. Paris, 1826.〕 In this position, he proposed the construction of a canal that would run parallel to the Seine River, between Quillebeuf and the sea, to protect incoming merchant ships.〔Bajot, M. ''Annales maritimes et coloniales''. Paris, 1826.〕 From 1790 to 1792, he was elected to the head of the municipality by the French Revolution, but further planning of his canal project was halted, due to lack of funds.〔Combes, Anacharsis. ''Étude historique sur Cachin''. Bonnal et Gibrac, 1858.〕 Here, he married the wealthy Judith de la Rivière, the third widow of the Prince of Montbéliard; however, their marriage was short-lived and they separated shortly afterwards, by mutual agreement.〔(''Les bustes de la Salle des Illustres ), Association sorézienne''.〕 In 1792, he was appointed chief engineer of Calvados, where he worked on the Caen Canal〔He wrote two memoirs on this subject: ''Mémoire sur la navigation de l'Orne inférieure ou projet des ouvrages à exécuter pour l'établissement d'un port de commerce sous les murs de Caen et d'un port militaire sur le rivage de Colleville'', Paris, Impr. Bailleul, an VII (1804); and ''Travaux maritimes. Rapport à l'administration centrale du département du Calvados, le 16 floréal an V, sur les décisions du ministre de l'Intérieur du 28 nivôse et 25 pluviôse an V, relativement aux travaux entrepris sur l'Orne pour l'établissement d'un nouveau port sous les murs de Caen'', Caen, 1802.〕 and the establishment of the navy between Colleville and the mouth of the Orne River.〔For further information, refer to the Cachin project, linking Caen and Colleville on the following website (French) (Géographie historique d’un espace côtier : l’exemple de la basse vallée de l’Orne (Basse-Normandie) ), revue ''Mappemonde'' n° 80, 2005〕 Later that year, he took part in the committee that was in charge of planning Cherbourg Harbour; however, the project was soon suspended after the fall of the monarchy.〔Bajot, M. ''Annales maritimes et coloniales''. Paris, 1826.〕 Joseph Cachin left Calvados after the 18 Brumaire ''coup d’état'' and entered the marine services, as head of maritime works.〔Combes, Anacharsis. ''Étude historique sur Cachin''. Bonnal et Gibrac, 1858.〕 In July 1802, after becoming Inspector General of roads and bridges, he renewed his interest in Cherbourg Harbour and published a rapport in ''le Moniteur'': recommending the construction of a port (at pointe du Hommet) and a central defense battery to increase the protection of the harbour (until then provided by the forts at Querqueville and Pelée island).〔Bajot, M. ''Annales maritimes et coloniales''. Paris, 1826.〕 As a result of this publication, in 1804, Napoleon appointed him as director general of maritime works of Cherbourg. In the same year, he joined the ''conseil général de la Manche'', which he would later chair. Over the span of 20 years, he completed many works at Cherbourg: including fortifications of the harbour wall; improvements to the commercial port; construction of the defense battery; and digging of the naval base, which would make up the new armoury. On September 16, 1808, Joseph Cachin received the title Knight of the Empire by letters patent. He became baron on August 27, 1816 and was awarded Officer of the Legion of Honour by Empress Marie-Louis at the inauguration of the new military harbour in Cherbourg.〔Combes, Anacharsis. ''Étude historique sur Cachin''. Bonnal et Gibrac, 1858.〕 In 1816, after the completion of the Port of Cherbourg, he became a candidate for the chamber of deputies, but was not elected.〔Glaire, Jean Baptiste, et al. ''Encyclopédie catholique''. Tome 4. Paris, 1842.〕 He published his last book in 1820, entitled ''Mémoire sur la digue de Cherbourg comparée au breakwater de Plymouth''. In 1823, he left his position in Cherbourg and died shortly afterwards from a stroke at the hôtel des Monnaies in Paris.〔Combes, Anacharsis. ''Étude historique sur Cachin''. Bonnal et Gibrac, 1858.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Cachin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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